Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848) — whose birth name was Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria — was the last ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, located in what is today northern Italy. (The duchy was absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy in the early 1860s.)
Robert I married twice and had a total of 24 children.
With his first wife, Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies (b. 1849), he had a dozen children:
- Marie Louise
- Ferdinando
- Louisa Maria
- Enrico
- Maria Immacolata
- Giuseppe
- Maria Teresa
- Maria Pia
- Maria Beatrice
- Elia (male)
- Maria Anastasia
- Augusto
Sadly, his first wife died during childbirth in 1882.
Two years later, Robert married his second wife, Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (b. 1862). With her had a dozen more children:
- Maria della Neve Adelaide
- Sixtus (he was his father’s sixth son)
- Javier
- Francesca
- Zita
- Felix
- Rene
- Maria Antonia
- Isabella
- Luigi
- Henrietta Anna
- Gaetano
Which set of 12 do you like better?
Source: Robert I, Duke of Parma – Wikipedia
Image: Adapted from Maria Pia and Elias I
